Kodi mukudziwa momwe zida zoyesera mwachangu zimagwira ntchito?

Immunology ndi phunziro lovuta lomwe lili ndi chidziwitso chambiri. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kukudziwitsani za malonda athu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chachifupi chomveka bwino.

Pozindikira mwachangu, kugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yagolide ya colloidal.

Ma nanoparticles a golide amalumikizidwa mosavuta ndi ma antibodies, peptides, oligonucleotides opangidwa, ndi mapuloteni ena chifukwa cholumikizana ndi magulu a sulfhydryl (-SH) a pamwamba pa golide.^3-5. Ma conjugates a Gold-biomolecule adaphatikizidwa kwambiri m'magwiritsidwe ozindikira, pomwe utoto wawo wofiyira umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kunyumba komanso pakuwunika ngati mayeso a mimba kunyumba.

Chifukwa ntchito ndi yosavuta, zotsatira zake ndi zosavuta kumva, zosavuta, zachangu, zolondola ndi zifukwa zina. Njira yagolide ya Colloidal ndiye njira yayikulu yodziwira mwachangu pamsika.

Mayeso ampikisano ndi masangweji ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu munjira yagolide ya colloidal, Akopa chidwi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo ochezera, nthawi zazifupi zoyeserera, zosokoneza pang'ono, zotsika mtengo, komanso kukhala kosavuta kuyendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito omwe si apadera. Njirayi imachokera ku kuyanjana kwachilengedwe kwa antigen-antibody hybridization. Zogulitsa zathu zimapangidwa ndi magawo anayi: chitsanzo cha pad, chomwe ndi malo omwe chitsanzo chagwetsedwa; conjugate pad, pomwe ma tag ophatikizidwa ndi zinthu za biorecognition; nembanemba zomwe zili ndi mzere woyeserera ndi mzere wowongolera pakulumikizana kwa antigen-antibody; ndi pad absorbent, amene amasunga zinyalala.

1. Mfundo Yoyesera

Ma antibodies awiri omwe amamanga ma epitopes apadera omwe amapezeka pa molekyulu ya virus amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Imodzi (yoteteza antibody) yolembedwa ndi nanoparticles yagolide ya colloidal ndipo inayo (jambulani antibody) yokhazikika pamiyala ya NC. Antibody yokutira ili m'malo opanda madzi mkati mwa conjugate pad. Pamene yankho lokhazikika kapena zitsanzo zinawonjezeredwa papepala lachitsanzo la mzere woyesera, binder ikhoza kusungunuka nthawi yomweyo ikakhudzana ndi sing'anga yamadzi yomwe ili ndi kachilombo. Ndiye antibody anapanga zovuta ndi HIV mu madzi gawo ndi kupita patsogolo mosalekeza mpaka anagwidwa ndi oteteza thupi atakhazikika pa pamwamba pa NC nembanemba, amene kwaiye chizindikiro mu molingana za ndende HIV. Kuphatikiza apo, ma antibody owonjezera omwe ali ndi antibody yokutira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga chizindikiro chowongolera. Pad yotsekemera imakhala pamwamba kuti ipangitse ndi capillarity yomwe imathandizira kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chikokedwe ku antibody yokhazikika. Mtundu wowoneka udawonekera mkati mwa mphindi 10, ndipo kulimba kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kachilombo kamene kanali kamene kali mu chitsanzocho, chowoneka bwino kwambiri chofiira chikuwonekera.

Ndiloleni ndifotokoze mwachidule momwe njira ziwirizi zimagwirira ntchito:

1.Double anti sandwich njira

Mfundo yotsutsa masangweji pawiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira puloteni yolemera kwambiri ya molekyulu (anti). Ma anti awiri amafunikira kuti ayang'ane malo osiyanasiyana a antigen.

2. Njira ya mpikisano

Njira ya mpikisano imatanthawuza njira yodziwira antigen yophimbidwa ndi mzere wodziwikiratu ndi antibody ya chizindikiro cha golide cha antigen kuti ayesedwe.Zotsatira za njirayi zimawerengedwa mosiyana ndi zotsatira za njira ya sangweji, ndi imodzi. mzere wabwino ndi mizere iwiri motsutsa.