Njengoko ukuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19 kuqhubeka nokuvela, uthelekiso luye lwatsalelwa kumkhuhlane. Zombini zibangela isifo sokuphefumla, kodwa kukho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezi ntsholongwane zimbini kunye nendlela ezisasazeka ngayo. Oku kuneempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kumanyathelo ezempilo karhulumente anokuthi aphunyezwe ukuphendula kwintsholongwane nganye.
Yintoni umkhuhlane?
Umkhuhlane sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu esibangelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, umzimba obuhlungu, impumlo ebuhlungu, umqala obuhlungu, ukukhohlela, kunye nokudinwa okufika ngokukhawuleza. Ngelixa uninzi lwabantu abasempilweni bechacha kumkhuhlane malunga neveki, abantwana, abantu abadala, kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka okanye iimeko zonyango ezingapheliyo basemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki ezinzulu, kubandakanya inyumoniya kunye nokufa.
Iindidi ezimbini zentsholongwane zomkhuhlane zibangela ukugula ebantwini: uhlobo A kunye no-B. Uhlobo ngalunye luneentlobo ezininzi eziguqukayo rhoqo, yiyo loo nto abantu beqhubeka behla nomkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka-kwaye kutheni izithonga zomkhuhlane zibonelela kuphela ngokhuseleko ngexesha elinye lomkhuhlane. . Ungawufumana umkhuhlane nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka, kodwa eUnited States, ixesha lomkhuhlane lifikelela incopho phakathi kukaDisemba noMatshi.
Dumahluko phakathi koMkhuhlane (uMkhuhlane) kunye ne-COVID-19?
1.Iimpawu kunye neempawu
Ukufana:
Zombini i-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane zinokuba namanqanaba ahlukeneyo eempawu kunye neempawu, ukusuka ekubeni kungabikho zimpawu (asymptomatic) ukuya kwiimpawu ezinzima. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ukuba i-COVID-19 kunye nokwabelana ngomkhuhlane ziquka:
● Umkhuhlane okanye ukuziva ubushushu/iingqele
● Ukhohlokhohlo
● Ukuphefumla nzima okanye ukuphefumla nzima
● Ukudinwa (ukudinwa)
● Umqala obuhlungu
● Impumlo ebalekayo okanye exineneyo
● Iintlungu zezihlunu okanye ukuqaqamba komzimba
● Intloko ebuhlungu
● Abanye abantu banokugabha kunye norhudo, nangona oku kuxhaphake ngakumbi ebantwaneni kunabantu abadala
Umahluko:
Flu
I-COVID-19: I-COVID-19 ibonakala ibangela izigulo ezimandundu kwabanye abantu. Ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-COVID-19, ezahlukileyo kumkhuhlane, zinokuquka ukutshintsha okanye ukulahleka kwencasa okanye ivumba.
2.Iimpawu zivela ixesha elide kangakanani emva kokuba sesichengeni kunye nosulelo
Ukufana:
Kuzo zombini i-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane, usuku olu-1 okanye ngaphezulu kunokudlula phakathi kokuba umntu osulelekile naxa eqala ukuba neempawu zokugula.
Umahluko:
Ukuba umntu une-COVID-19, kunokumthatha ixesha elide ukuba abe neempawu kunokuba unomkhuhlane.
Umkhuhlane: Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu uba neempawu naphi na ukusuka kusuku olu-1 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kosulelo.
I-COVID-19: Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu uba neempawu kwiintsuku ezi-5 emva kokuba wosulelekile, kodwa iimpawu zinokuvela kwangoko njengeentsuku ezi-2 emva kokosuleleka okanye emva kweentsuku ezili-14 emva kokosuleleka, kwaye noluhlu lwexesha lunokwahluka.
3.Umntu unokusasaza ixesha elingakanani intsholongwane
Ukufana:Kuzo zombini i-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane, kuyenzeka ukuba usasaze intsholongwane usuku olu-1 ubuncinci phambi kokuba ube nazo naziphi na iimpawu.
Umahluko:Ukuba umntu une-COVID-19, banokosulela ixesha elide kunokuba unomkhuhlane.
Umkhuhlane
Uninzi lwabantu abanomkhuhlane bayosulela malunga nosuku olu-1 phambi kokuba babonise iimpawu.
Abantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala abanomkhuhlane babonakala ngathi bosulela kakhulu kwiintsuku zokuqala ezi-3-4 zokugula kwabo kodwa abaninzi bahlala besosulela malunga neentsuku ezisi-7.
Iintsana kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka banokosulela ixesha elide.
I-COVID 19
Ixesha elingakanani umntu anokuyisasaza intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19 kusaphandwa.
Kuyenzeka ukuba abantu basasaze intsholongwane kangangeentsuku ezi-2 phambi kokuba babe neempawu okanye iimpawu kwaye bahlale besosulela kangangeentsuku ezili-10 emva kokuba iimpawu okanye iimpawu ziqale ukubonakala. Ukuba umntu une-asymptomatic okanye iimpawu zakhe ziyahamba, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlale uyosulela ubuncinane iintsuku ezili-10 emva kokuvavanywa ukuba une-COVID-19.
4.Isasazeka njani
Ukufana:
Zombini i-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane zinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, phakathi kwabantu abasondeleleneyo omnye nomnye (phakathi kweemitha ezi-6). Zombini zisasazwa ikakhulu ngamathontsi enziwa xa abantu abanesifo (COVID-19 okanye umkhuhlane) bekhohlela, bathimla, okanye bethetha. La mathontsi anokuhlala emilonyeni okanye ezimpumlweni zabantu abakufutshane okanye atsalelwe emiphungeni.
Umntu usenokosuleleka ngokudibana nomntu ngokwasemzimbeni (umzekelo, ukuxhawula izandla) okanye ngokuchukumisa umphezulu okanye into enentsholongwane aze achukumise umlomo wakhe, impumlo, okanye amehlo akhe.
Zombini intsholongwane yomkhuhlane kunye nentsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19 zinokusasazwa kwabanye abantu phambi kokuba baqale ukubonisa iimpawu, ezineempawu ezibuthathaka kakhulu okanye abangazange babe neempawu (ezingabonakalisi).
Umahluko:
Ngelixa i-COVID-19 kunye neentsholongwane zomkhuhlane kucingelwa ukuba zisasazeka ngeendlela ezifanayo, i-COVID-19 iyosulela ngakumbi kubantu abathile kunye namaqela obudala kunomkhuhlane. Kwakhona, i-COVID-19 ibonwe ukuba ineziganeko ezongezelelekileyo kunomkhuhlane. Oku kuthetha ukuba intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19 inokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza nangokulula kubantu abaninzi kwaye ibangele ukusasazeka okuqhubekayo phakathi kwabantu njengoko ixesha lihamba.
Loluphi ungenelelo lwezonyango olukhoyo kwi-COVID-19 kunye neentsholongwane zomkhuhlane?
Ngelixa kukho inani lonyango ngoku kulingo lwezonyango e-China kunye nezitofu ezingaphezulu kwama-20 kuphuhliso lwe-COVID-19, okwangoku akukho zitofu zinelayisenisi okanye zonyango lwe-COVID-19. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-antivirals kunye nezitofu zokugonya ezikhoyo kumkhuhlane. Ngelixa isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane singasebenzi kwintsholongwane ye-COVID-19, kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ugonywe minyaka le ukuthintela usulelo lomkhuhlane.
5.Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokugula kakhulu
Sukulinganisa:
Zombini i-COVID-19 kunye nokugula komkhuhlane kunokukhokelela kwisigulo esiqatha kunye neengxaki. Abo basemngciphekweni omkhulu baquka:
● Abantu abadala
● Abantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo eziphantsi
● Abantu abakhulelweyo
Umahluko:
Umngcipheko weengxaki kubantwana abasempilweni uphezulu kumkhuhlane xa kuthelekiswa ne-COVID-19. Nangona kunjalo, iintsana kunye nabantwana abaneemeko zonyango eziphantsi basengozini enkulu yomkhuhlane kunye ne-COVID-19.
Umkhuhlane
Abantwana abancinci basemngciphekweni ophezulu wokugula kakhulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane.
I-COVID 19
Abantwana abakubudala bokuhamba isikolo bosulelwe yi-COVID-19 basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuI-Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome kuBantwana (MIS-C), ingxaki enqabileyo kodwa eqatha ye-COVID-19.
6.Iingxaki
Ukufana:
Zombini i-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane zinokukhokelela kwiingxaki, kubandakanya:
● Inyumoniya
● Ukusilela kokuphefumla
● Acute breathing distress syndrome (oko kukuthi ulwelo emiphungeni)
● Sepsis
● Ukwenzakala kwentliziyo (umzekelo, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke)
● Ukusilela kwamalungu amaninzi (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla, ukusilela kwezintso, ukothuka)
● Ukuba mandundu kwezigulo ezingapheliyo (ezibandakanya imiphunga, intliziyo, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo okanye isifo seswekile)
● Ukudumba kwentliziyo, ingqondo okanye izihlunu
● Usulelo lwesibini lwebhaktiriya (okt usulelo olwenzeka kubantu esele bosulelwe ngumkhuhlane okanye i-COVID-19)
Umahluko:
Umkhuhlane
Uninzi lwabantu abafumana umkhuhlane baya kuchacha kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya ngaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini, kodwa abanye abantu baya kukhulaiingxaki, ezinye zezi ngxaki zidweliswe ngasentla.
I-COVID 19
Iingxaki ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene ne-COVID-19 zinokubandakanya:
● Amahlwili egazi emithanjeni nakwimithambo yemiphunga, intliziyo, imilenze okanye ingqondo
● I-Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome kuBantwana (MIS-C)
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-08-2020